Hoja informativa 8. Tobaco y pabreza
Datos principales
• La epidemia de tabaquismo está desplazándose a los países de bajos y medianos ingresos.
• Las personas con bajos ingresos tienen mayores probabilidades de fumar que las de mayores ingresos.
• El dinero invertido en tabaco reduce la cantidad de dinero disponible para gastar en alimentos, atención sanitaria, vivienda y educación.
• El consumo de tabaco afecta la salud, la nutrición, la educación, el empleo y la igualdad de género de las personas de bajos ingresos.
• Al reducir el consumo de tabaco entre los pobres, el control del tabaco contribuye significativamente al cumplimiento de los `Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio` (ODM).
REFERENCES
- Amos A, Haglund M. From social taboo to “torch of freedom”: the marketing of cigarettes to women. Tob Control 2000;9:3-8. www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1748294&blobtype=pdf
- Arcury T, Quandt S. Health and social impacts of tobacco production. J Agromedicine 2006;11;71-81
- Curbing the epidemic. Governments and the economics of tobacco control. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1999. www.worldbank.org/tobacco/reports.htm
- Efroymson D, Ahmed S, Townsend J, Alam S, Dey A, Saha R et al. Hungry for tobacco: an analysis of the economic impact of tobacco on the poor in Bangladesh. Tob Control 2001;10:212-217. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11544383
- Greaves L, Jategaonkar N, Sanchez S. (Eds). Turning a new leaf: women, tobacco and the future. British Columbia Centre of Excellence for Women’s Health (BCEWH) and International Network of Women Against Tobacco (INWAT). Vancouver: British Columbia Centre of Excellence for Women’s Health, 2006. www.bccewh.bc.ca/publications-resources/documents/Turning_New_Leaf06-28-06_000.pdf
- Golden leaf, barren harvest. The costs of tobacco farming. Campaign for Tobacco-free Kids. Washington, DC, 2001. http://tobaccofreekids.org/campaign/global/FCTCreport1.pdf
- Hoang M, Thu L, Tuan T, Van Kinh H, Efroymson D, FitzGerald S. Tobacco over education: an examination of the opportunity losses for smoking households. HealthBridge Vietnam, 2005.
- Hu T-w, Mao Z, Shi J, Chen W. Tobacco taxation and its potential impact in China. Paris International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2008. www.tobaccofreeunion.org/content/en/217/
- Kaufman N, Nichter M. The marketing of tobacco to women: global perspectives. In: Samet J, Yoon S (Eds). Women and the tobacco epidemic; Challenges for the 21st century. World Health Organization, 2001. www.who.int/tobacco/media/en/WomenMonograph.pdf
- National Health Survey 2008 (Susenas 2008), National Institute for Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Saloojee Y, Dagli E. Tobacco industry tactics for resisting public policy on health. Bull World Health Organization 2000;78:902-10 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10994263&dopt=Abstract (Abstract).
- Shafey O, Eriksen M, Ross H, Mackay J. The tobacco atlas (3rd ed.). Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society, 2009. www.cancer.org/docroot/AA/content/AA_2_5_9x_Tobacco_Atlas_3rd_Ed.asp
- The collaborative funding program for Southeast Asia tobacco control research regional research. Report on tobacco. Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance, 2007. www.seatca.org
- The Framework Convention Alliance for Tobacco Control. www.fctc.org
- Tobacco and poverty: a vicious circle. World Health Organization, Geneva. 2004. www.ingcat.org/linked files/Poverty_en.pdf
- United Nations Millennium Development Goals 2015 http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/
- Warner, K. The economics of tobacco: myths and realities. Tob Control 2000;9:78-89. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1748316/pdf/v009p00078.pdf
- WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2008. The MPOWER package. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008. www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/en/index.html